A recent poster on Daily Kos offered his rationale for making the argument that 500 thousand to 1 million more Gore 2000 voters than Bush voters died prior to the 2004 election. He claimed that seniors accounted for the great majority of voter deaths and since they voted for Gore by 51-47%, that accounts for the wide variation. Therefore, more Bush than Gore voters returned to the polls in 2004. Furthermore, he repeated the long-debunked rBr hypothesis that Kerry voters were more exuberant in responding to exit pollsters. The arguments were a combination of factual misstatements, speculation and twisted logic.

Here's the simple proof:
In 2000, approximately 108m votes were cast. Assuming the poster's 1.15% annual voter mortality rate, 4.96m (4.60%) died prior to the 2004 election. So far, so good. I calculated a 1.22% annual voter mortality rate. Using this rate, the Calculator determined that 5.25m died: 2.65m were Gore voters, 2.48m Bush and 0.12m Nader.

EVEN ASSUMING THE HIGHER 1.22% RATE, GORE VOTER MORTALITY EXCEEDED BUSH BY JUST 165,000. THAT'S 335,000 BELOW THE POSTER'S MINIMUM ESTIMATE.

The poster hypothesized that voters age 60-70 voted for Bush and 70+ voters voted heavily for Gore. Both the Final 2000 and 2004 NEP suggest otherwise.

In 2000, the 60+ group comprised 22% of the electorate. Bush won 47%.
The 65+ group comprised 14%. Bush won 47%.

In 2004, the 60+ group comprised 24% of the electorate. Bush won 54%.
The 65+ group comprised 16%. Bush won 52%.

The poster's argument is not only false, it's irrelevant. Even if Gore deaths exceeded Bush deaths by 1 million, it would not have made a material difference in the True Vote. The Calculator concluded that Kerry won by 9 million votes. That's not a typo. Check out the assumptions and calculations here: http://www.geocities.com/electionmodel/ElectionCal...

The poster wrote:
.....................................................................
First of all, the 12:22 data is not yet corrected for the known oversample of Democrats, which was reported by the NEP to all of the networks on election day mid-afternoon. I know you don't want to trust the final numbers, but the earlier ones are known to be biased.

Second, if you want the mortality rate for 2000, you need to use the 2000 numbers.

Third, you're not accounting for the dramatic difference within that broad 60+ age group. The 60-69 group, much less likely to die, was strongly Republican. The 70+ group, with the far higher mortality rate, trended Democratic.

A quick google turned up some hard numbers from 1999 in this link.

For example, analysis of this battleground data suggests that the current seniors who came "of political age" during the FDR years (70 years or over) have very different attitudes than those who raised families during the Reagan years (60 to 69 years old). To begin with, Reagan seniors are more conservative and Republican in their ideology than are their older Roosevelt senior counterparts.

Based upon results from the generic congressional ballot, the generic presidential ballot and the Bush/Gore presidential ballot, for example, the 60-69 year old seniors are more solidly Republican than any other age group.In fact, Republicans hold an 18-point advantage, a 22-point advantage and a 29-point advantage over the Democrats on each of those ballots, respectively. In comparison, the baby-boomers and pre-retirees prove to be much more evenly divided on each of these ballot measures – and particularly so on the generic congressional ballot which is now at parity overall.

In short, Democrats lost at least a half million more voters from 2000 than Republicans did. Maybe even as many as a million. The eventual result in 2000, according to the NEP, had Gore winning the 65+ group 51-47. To do so, he likely had to win 60% of the 70+ group, given the great disparity in party identification between the groups (from above link).

Rep Dem
43% 26% 60-69
33% 42% 70+

Using the 1.15% mortality estimate, with 109M voters in 2000, you would get 4.93M deaths over 4 years. The effects of different Democratic percentages of those deaths:

D% Dems Reps __Gap
60% 2.96M 1.97M 990,000
58% 2.86M 2.07M 790,000
56% 2.76M 2.17M 590,000
54% 2.66M 2.27M 390,000

As for the sample bias in the exit poll, which was reported to all of the networks by 4:30 PM election day, it is quite simple to explain. Many Gore voters, after 2000, were paranoid about votes potentially not being counted. So they were more likely to respond to exit polls. Exit pools only have about a 50% response rate to begin with. If Democrats were 10% more likely to respond, you might get 52.5% Democrats and 47.5% Republicans if the real total was 50/50.

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The post was a classic example of the faith-based arguments that naysayers are forced to use in order to cast doubt on any statistical analysis which concludes that Bush stole the 2004 election. The use of sophisticated misinformation techniques, couched in apparently informed, well-written arguments, is designed to divert an uninformed public from the overwhelming evidence of massive fraud.

But an analysis of the evidence of fraud uncovered in Ohio and elsewhere in conjunction with a comprehensive statistical analysis exposes each naysayer argument as nothing more than sophisticated obfuscation. Yet they still fool the majority of the public who are either in denial or unwilling or incapable of doing the analysis similar to that which follows.

The real scandal is the media still covering up and not releasing the full set of raw exit poll data. And at the same time, they continue to maintain that the exit poll discrepancy was due to faulty exit polling. They never even considered the possibility that the vote count was corrupt. And the sad fact is that Democratic politicians go along with the charade.

A few months after the election, exit pollsters Edison/Mitofsky issued their analysis. Their explanation for the exit poll discrepancies was a simple unproven hypothesis: Kerry voters responded by a 56/50 ratio to Bush voters. This unexplained Kerry bias was contradicted by their own data which indicated a slight Bush bias.

When the Final Exit Poll result (43% of the 2004 electorate were Bush 2000 voters) was proved to be impossible, the naysayers had to come up with another explanation. So they floated the "False Recall" hypothesis: approximately 7% of Gore 2000 voters misrepresented their vote when they told the exit pollsters that they voted for Bush.

The analysis of voter mortality is a perfect illustration of misrepresentation couched in a seemingly logical narrative. On closer inspection, it becomes apparent that a number of implausible assumptions were made to suggest that 500,000 to one million more Gore voters died then Bush voters. The original Election Calculator model was not flexible enough to handle various Gore vs. Bush voter mortality scenarios. The model assumed an equal mortality rate of 0.87% and Kerry won by 8.8 million votes.

But the poster's analysis served a useful purpose: the model was enhanced to include the additional feature of allowing input for the Gore voter share of total mortality. It shows that even if Gore voter mortality significantly exceeded that of Bush voters, the discrepancy has virtually no effect on Kerry's vote margin, regardless of the assumed Gore voter percentage of total 2000 voter mortality. This is demonstrated by a sensitivity analysis table which displays the effects of various Gore voter mortality assumptions.

Assuming the impossible scenario that ONLY GORE VOTERS DIED and BUSH VOTERS WERE IMMORTAL, Kerry still won by 5 million votes.

Let's start with the basic demographics:
The 18-29 age group is liberal and generally votes Democratic.
According to the 2000 NEP, they comprised 17% of the electorate.
According to the 2004 NEP, they comprised 17% of the electorate.
They have a comparatively low mortality rate.

The 60+ age group is conservative and generally votes Republican.
According to the 2000 NEP, they comprised 22% of the electorate.
According to the 2004 NEP, they comprised 24% of the electorate.
They have a much higher mortality rate than the 18-29 group.

According to the 2000 Final National Exit Poll, Gore won the 60+ age group by 51-47%. Since the group is traditionally Republican, a certain percentage of Republican seniors defected to vote for Gore. According to the Final 2004 NEP, Bush won the 60+ group by 8% (54-46%). The Final NEP is always forced to match the recorded vote count.

The 12:22am NEP was updated after the polls closed. It was "pristine" and not "contaminated" by recorded votes. Bush won the 60+ group by just 3% (51-48%); Kerry won the national vote by an identical 51-48%. But he must have done even better than that since the 12:22am 41 Bush/39% Gore weightings were impossible. Using feasible weights (37.7 Gore/36.6% Bush) Kerry won the popular vote by 53.0-46.0%, an 8.7 million vote margin (see Table 2). The revised weightings are based on plausible assumptions for 2000 voter mortality, uncounted votes and turnout.

The poster disputed the published 0.87% mortality rate, saying it was too high; he originally estimated 0.40%. When he did the calculation for voter mortality using a mortality table, he came up with a 1.15% rate. I calculated a 1.22% rate (Table 3). But the question remains: What was the Gore voter share of total voter mortality? Intuitively, we should expect it to be close to his recorded vote share.

The higher the mortality rate, the higher the number of new (DNV) voters. According to the 12:22am NEP, Kerry won new voters by 57-41%. Kerry's 16% NEW voter margin BOOSTS his TOTAL vote margin. The greater the number of new voters, the HIGHER the Kerry national vote share.

Assuming the 1.22% voter mortality rate (Table 1), the 2000 NEP AGE demographic weighting mix and vote shares, 5.25 million (4.88%) of Election 2000 voters died prior to the 2004 election. The 5.25m was comprised of 2.65m Gore, 2.48m Bush and 0.12m Nader voters. Gore deaths exceeded Bush deaths by 165,000.

Assuming equal Gore/Bush voter mortality, the model determined that Kerry won by 8.7m votes (Table 2). If we assume that one million more Gore voters died than Bush voters (a 60-40% split) Kerry wins by 8.1m votes. If we make the implausible assumption that 3.5m (70%) were Gore voters and 1.5m Bush voters. Kerry wins by 7.3m. Assuming the IMPOSSIBLE scenario that ALL were Gore voters (i.e. Bush voters are immortal) Kerry STILL wins by 5.1m votes (Table 4).

When the poster determined that his initial 0.40% voter mortality rate estimate was too low and even higher than the 0.87% total U.S. rate, he brought out the full set of long-debunked naysayer talking points and made the following implausible, discredited, unproven and factually incorrect assertions:

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1. Many more Democratic over-70 FDR admirers voted compared to Republican 60-70 year-old Reagan admirers. That's a real stretch with no foundation in fact. After the poster did some research and realized that the 60-70 age group is highly Republican, he had to somehow turn that around by hypothesizing that over-70 voters were even more highly Democratic. He should have just focused on the historical National Exit poll.

2. Exuberant Democratic responders (rbr?) were the cause of the exit poll discrepancies (a totally discredited hypothesis);

3- Unweighted early afternoon exit polls were biased due to "paranoid" Gore voters. But the last NEP update was at 12:22am, AFTER the polls closed. Kerry won by 51-48%. But after just 613 additional respondents, Bush won the 2pm Final (updated on CNN) by 51-48%. And the Exit pollsters are the ones who randomly select responders. Finally, there is absolutely ZERO evidence that the non-response rate has any effect. Telephone polls have a much lower response rate than exit polls.

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According to the Final NEP, there has been a solid Democratic trend in all age groups since 1988. Their average margin increased dramatically from 1972-1984 to 1988-2004 (Table 7):

Age Margin increase
18-29: 11.80%
30-44: 14.85%
45-59: 15.80%
60+ : 21.80%

But something strange happened in 2004. The 60+ group changed from 51-47 Gore in 2000 to 54-46 Bush in 2004, a 12% net increase in Bush margin. The 18-29 group changed from 48-46 Kerry to 54-45 Kerry, a 7% net increase in Kerry margin. Was the change representative of the electorate, or was it due to vote shares in the Final NEP forced to match a fraudulent 2004 vote count? Compare the "pristine" 12:22am NEP vote shares to the Final NEP. In every demographic category, the Bush share increased and the Kerry share decreased.

This is a summary of the poster's main arguments and my response to each.

1
"First of all, the 12:22 data is not yet corrected for the known oversample of Democrats, which was reported by the NEP to all of the networks on election day mid-afternoon. I know you don't want to trust the final numbers, but the earlier ones are known to be biased".

Fact check (Table 6):
The three exit poll timelines (4pm, 7:30pm, 12:22am) with 8649, 11027, 13047 respondents, respectively, were very consistent; Kerry led by 51-48% all the way. The Final 2:04pm NEP of 13660 respondents is the one that is biased; in fact, its downright impossible. The 12:22am NEP update went on the WP site AFTER the polls had closed on the West Coast. Much later that day, the Final NEP was FORCED TO MATCH THE RECORDED VOTE BY USING IMPOSSIBLE WEIGHTINGS AND IMPLAUSIBLE VOTE SHARES - NOW THAT'S BIASED.
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2
"Second, if you want the mortality rate for 2000, you need to use the 2000 numbers".

Logic check:
True.
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3
"Third, you're not accounting for the dramatic difference within that broad 60+ age group. The 60-69 group, much less likely to die, was strongly Republican. The 70+ group, with the far higher mortality rate, trended Democratic".

Reality check (Table 7):
There is virtually no difference in the 60+ and 65+ groups.

According to the 2000 Final NEP, the 60+ group comprised 22% of the electorate; the 65+ group comprised 14%. Bush won 47% of each group.

According to the 2000 Final NEP, the 60+ group comprised 24% of the electorate (Bush won 54%); the 65+ group comprised 16% (Bush won 52%).

It serves no useful purpose to separate the all-inclusive group into 60-70 and 70+ subsets. In fact, it only serves to obfuscate and confuse the facts. Let's stick to the NEP groupings: 18-29; 30-44,45-59; 60+ and check the 1972-2004 trend in vote shares for ALL age groups.

Yes, Gore won the 60+ group by 51-47%. But that only indicates that he won Republican seniors, regardless of age.

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4
"For example, analysis of this battleground data suggests that the current seniors who came "of political age" during the FDR years (70 years or older) have very different attitudes than those who raised families during the Reagan years (60 to 69 years old). To begin with, Reagan seniors are more conservative and Republican in their ideology than are their older Roosevelt senior counterparts".

Logic check:
That is pure speculation. Reagan was inaugurated 35 years after FDR died, yet the poster wants us to believe that there was a large jump in Democratic voters just a few years older than the 60-70 year-old Reagan voters. But this leap in logic makes no sense mathematically or intuitively.

There is virtually no difference in the 60+ and 65+ groups. According to the Final 2000 and 2004 NEP. In 2000, the 60+ group comprised 22% of the electorate; the 60+ group 14%. Bush won 47% of each. In 2004, the 60+ group comprised 24% of the electorate; the 60+ group, 16%. Bush won 54% of age 60+ and 52% of age 65+.

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5
"Based upon results from the generic congressional ballot, the generic presidential ballot and the Bush/Gore presidential ballot, for example, the 60-69 year old seniors are more solidly Republican than any other age group. In fact, Republicans hold an 18-point advantage, a 22-point advantage and a 29-point advantage over the Democrats on each of those ballots, respectively. In comparison, the baby-boomers and pre-retirees prove to be much more evenly divided on each of these ballot measures – and particularly so on the generic congressional ballot which is now at parity overall"

Logic check:
Just like Edison/Mitofsky claim that Kerry responders were more motivated to be interviewed was refuted by their own data, the poster's data refutes his argument. True, the 60-69 group is highly Republican. But where is the evidence that the 70+ group is even more solidly Democratic? THIS analysis concerns the mortality of 2000 PRESIDENTIAL election voters. The NEP AGE demographic includes each age group's share of the electorate mix and vote shares. Having determined mortality rates for the same NEP groupings, that's all the information needed to closely approximate the true Gore and Bush voter mortality rates.
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6
"In short, Democrats lost at least a half million more voters from 2000 than Republicans did. Maybe even as many as a million. The eventual result in 2000, according to the NEP, had Gore winning the 65+ group 51-47. To do so, he likely had to win 60% of the 70+ group, given the great disparity in party identification between the groups (from above link)".

Fact check (Table 5):
The Final 2000 NEP states that that Gore won the 60+ age group by 51-47%. Not the 65+ group.

Logic check (Table 4): If Gore deaths exceeded Bush deaths by one million (3-2m), than for this extremely far-feched scenario, Kerry's vote margin declines from 8.8m to 8.1m. Check the Kerry margin sensitivity table for the 70% undecided/ 60% mortality scenario.

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7
"Using the 1.15% mortality estimate, with 109M voters in 2000, you would get 4.93M deaths over 4 years"

Fact check (Table 1):
We are close. There were 104.7 million recorded votes in 2000. Assuming a 3% uncounted vote rate, a total of 107.98m ballots were cast with the uncounted votes allocated to 75% Gore, 22% Bush, 3% Nader. The calculated annual VOTER mortality rate was 1.22%. Gore voters comprised 2.65m (50.5%) of the 5.25m who died, 165,000 more than Bush's 2.48m (47.2%).

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8
"As for the sample bias in the exit poll, which was reported to all of the networks by 4:30 PM election day, it is quite simple to explain. Many Gore voters, after 2000, were paranoid about votes potentially not being counted. So they were more likely to respond to exit polls. Exit pools only have about a 50% response rate to begin with. If Democrats were 10% more likely to respond, you might get 52.5% Democrats and 47.5% Republicans if the real total was 50/50.

Fact check (Table 6):
The poster appears refers to the 4:00pm NEP timeline (8649 respondents) in which Kerry was leading by 51-48%. But he ignores the final "pristine" NEP timeline 12:22am (13047 respondents) which was posted on CNN - after the polls closed on the West Coast. It indicated that Kerry won by 51-48%.

Logic check (Table 5):
At this late date, it's surprising that the poster would resurrect the fully discredited and debunked exuberant Gore responder (eBr) hypothesis which is just a corollary of the debunked reluctant Bush responder (rBr) theory. There is absolutely no evidence to support it. On the contrary, it is contradicted by the NEP. According to the Final, 43% of the 2004 electorate were Bush 2000 voters and 37% were Gore voters. Of course, that's a mathematically impossible mix.

Note: (Table 7)
The 2004 NEP Age demographic weights were unchanged from 12:22am to the 2pm Final. To calculate voter mortality, the 2004 age mix was used since preliminary and Final NEP 2000 weightings were not available. But since there was strong 18-29 voter turnout (17%) in 2004, that Democratic-leaning age group was probably less than 17% of the electorate in 2000.

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Table 1
					
2000 Recorded,Total Votes Cast, Mortality				
.....
Voted	Recorded Cast Share Deaths Alive
					
Gore	51.00	53.43	49.48%	2.647	50.78
Bush	50.46	51.17	47.39%	2.483	48.69
Nader	3.28	3.38	3.13%	0.117	3.26
					
Total	104.74	107.98	100%	5.25	102.73
					
					
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Table 2

2004 NATIONAL VOTE
12:22am NEP Vote Shares
95% Voter turnout

					
Voted 2000

 %Turnout	Voted	Weight Kerry Bush	Other
DNV	 -   	28.15	22.4%	57%	41%	2%
Gore	95%	48.24	38.4%	91%	8%	1%
Bush	95%	46.25	36.8%	10%	90%	0%
Nader	95%	3.10	2.5%	71%	21%	8%
						
Total	97.59	125.75 100%	53.10%	45.87%	1.03%
		125.75 	66.77 	57.68 	1.29 

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Table 3

2000 VOTER MORTALITY
.....
Gore 2000 voter deaths exceeded Bush deaths by 165 thousand.	
.....
Mortality    NEP	Annual	Mort.	Votes  Final 2000 Nat Exit Poll   Voter Deaths (mil.)		
Age	Rate	Age	Rate	(mil)	Cast	Mix	Gore	Bush	Other	Gore	Bush	Other
15-24	0.09%	18-29	0.10%	0.018	18.36	17%	54%	42%	4%	0.040	0.031	0.003
25-45	0.18%	30-44	0.20%	0.063	31.31	29%	48%	49%	3%	0.120	0.123	0.008
45-64	0.71%	45-59	0.60%	0.194	32.39	30%	48%	49%	3%	0.373	0.381	0.023
65+	5.07%	60+	4.00%	1.037	25.91	24%	51%	47%	2%	2.115	1.949	0.083
												
		Total	1.22%	1.312	107.98	100%	49.74%	47.33%	2.93%	2.648	2.483	0.117
						Total	53.71	51.10	3.16	4.93%	4.86%	3.69%
												
......									
		Voter	Total	Gore	Bush	Other						
		Deaths 5.248	2.648	2.483	0.117						
		Share	4.86%	50.45%	47.32%	2.22%						
		Rate	1.22%	0.61%	0.57%	0.03%						
												

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Table 4

KERRY VOTE SHARE SENSITIVITY

Gore share					
of Unctd	Gore share of Mortality			
53.1%	50.0%	55.0%	60.0%	65.0%	70.0%

		Kerry National Vote			

50.0%	52.6%	52.5%	52.3%	52.1%	52.0%
55.0%	52.7%	52.6%	52.4%	52.2%	52.1%
60.0%	52.8%	52.7%	52.5%	52.3%	52.2%
65.0%	52.9%	52.8%	52.6%	52.4%	52.3%
70.0%	53.0%	52.9%	52.7%	52.5%	52.4%
					
		Kerry Margin (millions)			
					
50.0%	7.88 	7.47 	7.06 	6.66 	6.25 
55.0%	8.13 	7.72 	7.31 	6.91 	6.50 
60.0%	8.38 	7.97 	7.57 	7.16 	6.75 
65.0%	8.63 	8.22 	7.82 	7.41 	7.00 
70.0%	8.88 	8.47 	8.07 	7.66 	7.25 
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Table 5

2004 National Exit Poll

   12:22am (13047 respondents)                Final 2:04pm (13660)  
 
AGE
....	Votes	Mix	Kerry	Bush	Other		Mix	Kerry	Bush	Other
18-29	20.79	17%	56%	42%	2%		17%	54%	45%	1%
30-44	35.47	29%	48%	49%	3%		29%	46%	53%	1%
45-59	36.69	30%	51%	47%	2%		30%	48%	51%	1%
Over60 29.35	24%	48%	51%	1%		24%	46%	54%	0%
										
Share 122.3	100%	50.26%	47.69%	2.05%		100%	47.96%	51.28%	0.76%
Votes		122.30	61.47	58.32	2.51		122.30	58.65	62.71	0.93
										
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Table 6

2004 NEP Timeline

Update 3:59pm 7:33pm 12:22am 1:25pm   3:59pm 7:33pm 12:22am 1:25pm
Respon 8349	11027	13047	13660		8349	 11027	13047	13660

AGE Demographic
  ............ Mix ............         ......Kerry share.......
18-29 	15	17	17	17		56	56	56	54 <<
30-44 	27	27	29	29 		48	49	49	46 <<<
45-59 	31	30	30	30		52	51	51	48 <<<
60 +   27   26	24	24 		48	48	48	46 <<

Kerry
Share	100	100	100	100		50.44	50.53	50.26	47.96
Vote 						61.67	61.78	61.48	58.64

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Table 7

Final 2000 NEP
Age	Mix	Gore	Bush	Nader
18-29	17%	48%	46%	5%
30-44	33%	48%	49%	2%
45-59	28%	48%	49%	2%
60+	22%	51%	47%	2%

Age	Mix	Gore	Bush	Nader
18-64	86%	48%	48%	3%
65+	14%	50%	47%	2%

Final 2004 NEP
Age	Mix	Kerry	Bush	
18-29	17%	54%	45%	
30-44	29%	46%	53%	
45-59	30%	48%	51%	
60+	24%	46%	50%	

Age	Mix	Kerry	Bush	
18-64	84%	48%	51%	
65+	16%	47%	52%	

Historical Final National Exit Polls 
Age Demographic 

Avg72: 1972-1984 average
Avg88: 1988-2004 average

AGE	1972	1976	1980	1984	1988	1992	1996	2000	2004	Avg72	Avg88	Change
18-29												
Dem	46	51	44	40	47	43	53	48	54	45.25	49.00	3.75
Rep	52	47	43	59	52	34	34	46	45	50.25	42.20	-8.05
Ind	2	2	13	1	1	23	13	6	1	4.50	8.80	4.30
30-44												
Dem	33	49	36	42	45	41	48	48	46	40.00	45.60	5.60
Rep	64	49	55	57	54	38	41	49	53	56.25	47.00	-9.25
Ind	3	2	9	1	1	21	11	3	1	3.75	7.40	3.65
45-49												
Dem	33	47	39	40	42	41	48	48	48	39.75	45.40	5.65
Rep	64	52	55	60	57	40	41	49	51	57.75	47.60	-10.15
Ind	3	1	6	0	1	19	11	3	1	2.50	7.00	4.50
Over 60												
Dem	31	47	41	39	49	50	48	51	46	39.50	48.80	9.30
Rep	68	52	54	60	50	38	44	47	54	58.50	46.60	-11.90
Ind	1	1	5	1	1	12	8	2	0	2.00	4.60	2.60
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http://progressiveindependent.com/dc/dcboard.php?a...



These FACTS are never discussed in the media.
- election fraud
- undecided voters break for the challenger, especially if the incumbent is unpopular. Bush was at 48%.
- Many newly registered voters are not included in LV (likely voter) polls.
- Since 1988, Democrats have won 60-70% of new voters. In 2008, Obama had 71%+.
- MILLIONS of mostly (70-80%) Democratic votes are uncounted in every election
- The 2004/2006/2008 Final National Exit Polls indicated there were millions of returning phantom Bush voters from the prior election (more than were alive).
- The Final National and State exit polls are always FORCED TO MATCH the recorded vote.
- By definition, the RECORDED VOTE never reflects the TRUE VOTE since millions of votes are UNCOUNTED in EVERY election.
- Uncounted votes alone provide overwhelming evidence that elections were stolen in 1968, 1988, 2000 and 2004.
- 1968: 6 million net uncounted votes.
Nixon won the recorded vote by 500,000.
- 1988: 10.6 million net uncounted votes. Bush won the recorded vote by 7m.
- 2000: 5.4 million net uncounted votes. Gore won the recorded vote by 540,000.
- 2004: Nearly 4 million uncounted votes.
Bush won the recorded vote by 3.0 million.
Kerry won the True Vote by 10m.
Approximately 5 million were switched from Kerry to Bush on UNVERIFIABLE voting machines.

- 2006 midterms: Democrats won by more than double the recorded 52-46%% margin.
10-20 House seats were stolen.

- 2008: Obama won by more than double his recorded 9.5m margin.

1988-2008: the average Democratic TRUE VOTE margin was reduced from 10% to a 4% RECORDED MARGIN by Election Fraud.

VOTER FRAUD was virtually non-existent.